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svg{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border-radius:4px;padding:3px 2px}.jp-carousel-pagination-container{flex:1;margin:0 15px 0 35px}.jp-carousel-pagination,.jp-swiper-pagination{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:none;font-size:15px;font-weight:400;position:static!important;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-pagination-container .swiper-pagination{line-height:8px;text-align:left}.jp-carousel-pagination{padding-left:5px}.jp-carousel-info-footer .jp-carousel-photo-title-container{flex-basis:50vw;flex:4;justify-content:center;margin:0;overflow:hidden}.jp-carousel-photo-caption,.jp-carousel-photo-title{background:none!important;border:none!important;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:inline-block;font:normal 20px/1.3em Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0!important;line-height:normal;margin:0 0 10px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;text-shadow:none!important;text-transform:none!important}.jp-carousel-info-footer 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Ηλεκτρική αντίσταση & νόμος του Ohm | My School Lab | Skip to content Ηλεκτρική αντίσταση & νόμος του Ohm Τι είναι η ηλεκτρική αντίσταση ενός διπόλου και πώς μπορούμε να την υπολογίσουμε;
ψηφιακο βιβλιο 2.4 Αντίσταση (Ωμική) — Αντιστάτης
μικρο παραθυρο στην ιστορια Έχεις ήδη μάθει ότι η διαφορά δυναμικού (τάση) αποτελεί το αίτιο δημιουργίας του ηλεκτρικού ρεύματος . Αυτό σημαίνει πως τα δύο φυσικά μεγέθη τάση και ένταση θα πρέπει να συσχετίζονται ποσοτικά.
Ο πρώτος που διερεύνησε αυτή τη σχέση ήταν ο Γερμανός Georg Simon Ohm (1787−1854) . Το 1827 , ο Ohm , καθηγητής στο Γυμνάσιο Ιησουιτών της Κολωνίας, δημοσίευσε τα αποτελέσματα των ερευνών του, που είχε ξεκινήσει ήδη από το 1825 , χρησιμοποιώντας εξοπλισμό δικής του επινόησης και αφορούσαν στην αγωγιμότητα των μετάλλων και την συμπεριφορά των ηλεκτρικών κυκλωμάτων . Σε εκείνη την δημοσίευση με τίτλο Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet (The Galvanic Circuit Investigated Mathematically) , περιέχεται ο γνωστός νόμος που περιγράφει την σχέση αναλογίας μεταξύ της εφαρμοζόμενης διαφοράς δυναμικού στα άκρα αγωγού δεδομένης αντίστασης και της έντασης του ρεύματος που τον διαρρέει (Νόμος του Ohm) .
O Georg Ohm επί το έργον: Πειραματική διάταξη μέτρησης του ρεύματος που διαρρέει χάλκινη αγώγιμη ταινία. Το ρεύμα παράγεται από θερμοζεύγος χαλκού-βισμουθίου. Η μία ένωση του ζεύγους εμβαπτίζεται σε πάγο ενώ η άλλη σε νερό που βράζει. Λόγω της σταθερής διαφοράς θερμοκρασίας, η ηλεκτρεργετική δύναμη είναι σταθερή. Αντίθετα από τις προσδοκίες του ιδίου, η εργασία του αυτή έτυχε ψυχρής υποδοχής και έντονης κριτικής από τους συναδέλφους του. Μάλιστα ο Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770−1831) αμφισβήτησε την αυθεντικότητα των πειραματικών πρακτικών του Ohm. Το γεγονός αυτό τον οδήγησε σε παραίτηση από την θέση του. H αναγνώριση της προσφοράς του Ohm, ήρθε το έτος 1841 , με την βράβευσή του από την Βασιλική Εταιρεία του Λονδίνου.
Παρουσίαση Η παρακάτω παρουσίαση αφορά στην εισαγωγή της έννοιας της ηλεκτρικής αντίστασης και στον νόμο του Ohm . Το μεγαλύτερο μέρος της αποτελεί δουλειά του συναδέλφου Μερκούρη Παναγιωτόπουλου .
Προσομοίωση: νόμος του Ohm Στην πρώτη από τις προσομοιώσεις που ακολουθούν (από το PhET), μπορείς να εξετάσεις ποιοτικά και ποσοτικά τη σχέση της έντασης του ρεύματος που διαρρέει μεταλλικό αγωγό δεδομένης αντίστασης και της διαφοράς δυναμικού που εφαρμόζουμε στα άκρα του .
Προσομοίωση: αντίσταση σε καλώδιο Η δεύτερη προσομοίωση δείχνει την εξάρτηση ενός αγωγού κυλινδρικού σχήματος από το υλικό του (ειδική αντίσταση ρ) , το μήκος του (L) και το εμβαδόν της διατομής του (Α) .
Με τη βοήθεια του νόμου του Ohm μπορούμε να υπολογίσουμε την ένταση του ρεύματος που διαρρέει έναν αγωγό, όταν γνωρίζουμε την τάση που εφαρμόζεται στα άκρα του ή αντίστροφα.
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Σχετικά Ηλεκτρική Αντίσταση Ηλεκτρικό Ρεύμα Ηλεκτρισμός Νόμος του Ohm
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