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svg{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border-radius:4px;padding:3px 2px}.jp-carousel-pagination-container{flex:1;margin:0 15px 0 35px}.jp-carousel-pagination,.jp-swiper-pagination{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:none;font-size:15px;font-weight:400;position:static!important;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-pagination-container .swiper-pagination{line-height:8px;text-align:left}.jp-carousel-pagination{padding-left:5px}.jp-carousel-info-footer .jp-carousel-photo-title-container{flex-basis:50vw;flex:4;justify-content:center;margin:0;overflow:hidden}.jp-carousel-photo-caption,.jp-carousel-photo-title{background:none!important;border:none!important;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:inline-block;font:normal 20px/1.3em Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0!important;line-height:normal;margin:0 0 10px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;text-shadow:none!important;text-transform:none!important}.jp-carousel-info-footer 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Εισαγωγή στην κίνηση | My School Lab | Skip to content Εισαγωγή στην κίνηση Η κίνηση, από την απλή κίνηση ενός σώματος στον χώρο μέχρι την περίπλοκη κίνηση των αστρονομικών αντικειμένων, αποτελεί μία βασική έννοια της Φυσικής. Πρόκειται για ένα θέμα που έχει απασχολήσει τους επιστήμονες εδώ και αιώνες και συνεχίζει να εμπνέει νέες ανακαλύψεις και αναπτύξεις στον τομέα της φυσικής. Η μελέτη της κίνησης μας επιτρέπει να κατανοήσουμε καλύτερα τη λειτουργία του φυσικού κόσμου γύρω μας και να αναπτύξουμε νέες τεχνολογίες και εφαρμογές που βελτιώνουν την καθημερινή μας ζωή.
Σχολικό Βιβλίο 1.1 Ευθύγραμμη κίνηση
Κίνηση Η κίνηση στη φυσική, αναφέρεται στη μεταβολή της θέσης ενός αντικειμένου στο χώρο σε σχέση με τον χρόνο . Αυτή η έννοια είναι ζωτικής σημασίας στην κατανόηση του πώς λειτουργεί ο φυσικός κόσμος. Η κίνηση μπορεί να περιγραφεί με βάση φυσικά μεγέθη που είναι εύκολο να μετρηθούν.
Ένα τέτοιο φυσικό μέγεθος η απόσταση, που αναφέρεται στο μήκος της διαδρομής που διανύει ένα αντικείμενο όπως επίσης και η μετατόπιση που υποδεικνύει πόσο έχει αλλάξει η θέση του. Ο χρόνος αναφέρεται στη διάρκεια που απαιτείται για να συμβεί μια μεταβολή της θέσης ή να καλυφθεί μια διαδρομή. Σε αυτό το κεφάλαιο θα μιλήσουμε επίσης για την ταχύτητα και την επιτάχυνση .
Με βάση τις παραμέτρους που προαναφέρθηκαν μπορούμε να περιγράψουμε αλλά και να προβλέψουμε την κίνηση ενός συστήματος ή ενός συστήματος σωμάτων. Μάλιστα, για συγκεκριμένα είδη κίνησης, είναι σχετικά απλό να καταστρώσουμε και να χειριστούμε κατάλληλες εξισώσεις που τις περιγράφουν: τις εξισώσεις κίνησης.
Είναι πολύ σημαντικό να επισημανθεί πως η ερμηνεία του όρου “κίνηση” είναι σχετική και εξαρτάται από το περιγραφικό σύστημα που χρησιμοποιούμε . Έτσι, η αντίληψή μας για την κίνηση μπορεί να διαφέρει ανάλογα με το μαθηματικό ή το φυσικό πλαίσιο που χρησιμοποιούμε για να την περιγράψουμε.
Αν, για παράδειγμα, βρισκόμαστε σε ένα αυτοκίνητο που τρέχει στο δρόμο “βλέπουμε” δίπλα μας τον οδηγό ακίνητο. Την ίδια στιγμή, μία γυναίκα που βρίσκεται στο πεζοδρόμιο και παρατηρεί το αυτοκίνητο “βλέπει” τον οδηγό να κινείται με αυτό. Στη μαθηματική γλώσσα της φυσικής λέμε ότι στο δικό μας σύστημα αναφοράς ο οδηγός είναι ακίνητος ενώ στο σύστημα αναφοράς της γυναίκας ο οδηγός κινείται.
Με την έννοια “τροχιά” περιγράφουμε το σύνολο των διαδοχικών θέσεων από τις οποίες διέρχεται ένα κινούμενο σώμα. Ας δούμε ένα παράδειγμα.
Αναφερόμαστε με τη λέξη τροχιά στην ελλειπτική ή κυκλική διαδρομή που ακολουθεί ένα ουράνιο σώμα γύρω από έναν άλλο, υπό την επίδραση της δύναμης της βαρύτητας. Οι τροχιές είναι σημαντικές στην αστρονομία, καθώς περιγράφουν τον τρόπο με τον οποίο οι πλανήτες, οι δορυφόροι και άλλα αστρικά αντικείμενα κινούνται γύρω από τα αστέρια και τους πλανήτες τους. Η έρευνα των τροχιών μας βοηθά να κατανοήσουμε καλύτερα το ηλιακό σύστημα αλλά και άλλα αστρικά συστήματα, και μας επιτρέπει να προγραμματίζουμε διαστημικές αποστολές με ακρίβεια και ασφάλεια.
Η μετατόπιση είναι ένα διάνυσμα που έχει σαν αρχή την αρχική θέση του σώματος και τέλος την τελική του θέση. Με αυτήν στα ασχοληθούμε στα επόμενα μαθήματα.
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