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svg{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border-radius:4px;padding:3px 2px}.jp-carousel-pagination-container{flex:1;margin:0 15px 0 35px}.jp-carousel-pagination,.jp-swiper-pagination{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:none;font-size:15px;font-weight:400;position:static!important;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-pagination-container .swiper-pagination{line-height:8px;text-align:left}.jp-carousel-pagination{padding-left:5px}.jp-carousel-info-footer .jp-carousel-photo-title-container{flex-basis:50vw;flex:4;justify-content:center;margin:0;overflow:hidden}.jp-carousel-photo-caption,.jp-carousel-photo-title{background:none!important;border:none!important;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:inline-block;font:normal 20px/1.3em Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0!important;line-height:normal;margin:0 0 10px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;text-shadow:none!important;text-transform:none!important}.jp-carousel-info-footer 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Παθογόνοι μικροοργανισμοί: οι μύκητες | My School Lab Skip to content Παθογόνοι μικροοργανισμοί: οι μύκητες Μύκητες, Juan Carlos Fonseca Mata , CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons
Εδώ μπορείς να βρεις πληροφορίες για μια μεγάλη «δεξαμενή» παθογόνων μικροοργανισμών , τους μύκητες .
Οι μύκητες περιλαμβάνουν πολλά μονοκύτταρα και πολυκύτταρα είδη. Οι ζυμομύκητες είναι μονοκύτταροι ευκαρυωτικοί μικροοργανισμοί που έχουν σχήμα στρογγυλό ή ωοειδές και η κυτταρική τους μεμβράνη περιβάλλεται από κυτταρικό τοίχωμα κύριο συστατικό του οποίου είναι η χιτίνη. Οι μούχλες έχουν μερικά ορατά τμήματα και αναπτύσσουν μονοκύτταρους ή πολυκύτταρους νηματοειδής σχηματισμούς, τις υφές. Οι μύκητες είναι ετερότροφοι οργανισμοί. Κάποιοι ζουν παρασιτικά εις βάρος άλλων οργανισμών-ξενιστών προκαλώντας ασθένειες. Άλλοι αποικοδομούν τη νεκρή ύλη λειτουργώντας ως αποικοδομητές. Άλλοι προκαλούν ζύμωση στο μούστο για την παραγωγή του κρασιού ή ζύμωση στο ζυμάρι για την παραγωγή του ψωμιού κ.ά. Οι μύκητες, ως αποικοδομητές, δεν κάνουν διάκριση ανάμεσα σε νεκρούς φυτικούς ή ζωικούς οργανισμούς. Επιτίθενται σε οποιοδήποτε οργανικό υλικό όταν βρεθούν σε κατάλληλες συνθήκες υγρασίας και θερμοκρασίας. Πολλοί μύκητες πολλαπλασιάζονται μονογονικά με απλή διχοτόμηση . Οι ζύμες πολλαπλασιάζονται με εκβλάστηση . Άλλοι μύκητες αναπαράγονται με σπόρια . Υπάρχουν και μύκητες που αναπαράγονται αμφιγονικά . Οι ζύμες εξασφαλίζουν την ενέργεια που χρειάζονται με την αναερόβια αναπνοή , δηλαδή χωρίς την παρουσία του οξυγόνου. Μετατρέπουν τη γλυκόζη σε οινόπνευμα (αλκοολική ζύμωση) και διοξείδιο του άνθρακα. Η διαδικασία αυτή ελευθερώνει ενέργεια . Ακόμη και στο ζυμάρι, αυτό που κάνει το ψωμί να φουσκώνει είναι το διοξείδιο του άνθρακα που ελευθερώνει η αλκοολική ζύμωση . Με το ψήσιμο του ψωμιού οι φυσαλίδες σπάνε, ελευθερώνεται το διοξείδιο του άνθρακα και μένουν οι τρύπες. Οι μύκητες που προκαλούν ασθένειες στα φυτά μπορούν να καταστρέψουν ολόκληρες καλλιέργειες γιατί εξαπλώνονται ταχύτατα και τα σπόρια μεταφέρονται στον αέρα σε μεγάλες αποστάσεις. Το τριχόφυτο προκαλεί δερματομυκητιάσεις στον άνθρωπο όπως εκείνες του ποδιού, του τριχωτού της κεφαλής και ονυχομυκητιάσεις. Η κάντιτα άλμπικανς μοιάζει με τις ζύμες και προσβάλλει το δέρμα, τους βλεννογόνους, τα σπλάχνα, τα γεννητικά όργανα, προκαλεί στοματίτιδες κ.ά. Μου αρέσει αυτό: Like Φόρτωση…
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