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svg{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border-radius:4px;padding:3px 2px}.jp-carousel-pagination-container{flex:1;margin:0 15px 0 35px}.jp-carousel-pagination,.jp-swiper-pagination{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:none;font-size:15px;font-weight:400;position:static!important;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-pagination-container .swiper-pagination{line-height:8px;text-align:left}.jp-carousel-pagination{padding-left:5px}.jp-carousel-info-footer .jp-carousel-photo-title-container{flex-basis:50vw;flex:4;justify-content:center;margin:0;overflow:hidden}.jp-carousel-photo-caption,.jp-carousel-photo-title{background:none!important;border:none!important;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:inline-block;font:normal 20px/1.3em Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0!important;line-height:normal;margin:0 0 10px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;text-shadow:none!important;text-transform:none!important}.jp-carousel-info-footer 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Οριζόντια βολή: ας εξασκηθούμε! | My School Lab | Skip to content Οριζόντια βολή: ας εξασκηθούμε! Μετά την παρουσίαση της θεωρίας , ήρθε η ώρα για εξάσκηση! Εδώ θα βρεις εφαρμογές, ερωτήσεις κλειστού τύπου και ασκήσεις σε εντυπη και ηλεκτρονική μορφή που αντιστοιχούν σε πρώτα και δεύτερα θέματα στην οριζόντια βολή.
ΒΙΒΛΙΟ ΜΑΘΗΤΗ (εμπλουτισμένο) 1.1 Οριζόντια βολή
ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΗ: Το αεροπλάνο Η ακόλουθη προσοποίωση μπορεί να σε βοηθήσει υπό ποιες συνθήκες ένα αεροπλάνο καταφέρνει να χτυπήσει έναν κινούμενο στόχο (τανκ). Μπορείς να μεταβάλεις την ταχύτητα και το ύψος του αεροπλάνου, την ταχύτητα και την οριζόντια απόσταση του τανκ από το αεροπλάνο .
Ας δούμε την άσκηση
Ένα βομβαρδιστικό αεροπλάνο πετάει σε ύψος \( H \) από το έδαφος έχοντας σταθερή ταχύτητα \( \vec{\upsilon_{\alpha}} \). Στόχος του είναι ένα τανκ που κινείται στο έδαφος ευθύγραμμα και ομαλά με ταχύτητα \( \vec{\upsilon_{\tau}} \). Η αρχική οριζόντια απόσταση του αεροπλάνου από το τανκ είναι \( d \). Με δεδομένο το ύψος στο οποίο πετάει το αεροπλάνο, το μέτρο της ταχύτητας του τανκ και την αρχική απόσταση, ζητείται η ταχύτητα την οποία θα πρέπει να έχει το αεροπλάνο ώστε όταν αφήσει μία βόμβα να καταφέρει να χτυπήσει το τανκ.
ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΑ ΖΗΤΟΥΜΕΝΑ \( H = 180 \hspace{0.3cm} m \) \( \upsilon_{\tau} = 15 \hspace{0.3cm} m/s \) \( d = 330 \hspace{0.3cm} m \) \( g = 10 \hspace{0.3cm} m/s^{2} \) Χρόνος καθόδου \( t \) Ταχύτητα αεροπλάνου \( \upsilon_{\alpha} \)
Για να μπορέσει να χτυπήσει η βόμβα που ρίχνει το αεροπλάνο το τανκ, θα πρέπει ουσιαστικά να το συναντήσει τη στιγμή που πέφτει στο έδαφος. Αυτό σημαίνει πως η θέση στην οποία προσκρούει η σφαίρα στο έδαφος, \( x_{\beta} \), θα πρέπει να είναι ίση με τη θέση στην οποία βρίσκεται το τανκ τη στιγμή της πρόσκρουσης, \( x_{\tau} \).
\[ x_{\beta} = x_{\tau} \tag{1} \]
Η ταχύτητα της βόμβας τη στιγμή που την αφήνει το αεροπλάνο ισούται με την ταχύτητα του αεροπλάνου, δηλαδή \( \upsilon_{\beta} = \upsilon_{\alpha} \). Έτσι η οριζόντια μετατόπιση της σφαίρας όταν φτάνει στο έδαφος είναι
\[ x_{\beta}=\upsilon_{\beta} \cdot t \Rightarrow x_{\beta}=\upsilon_{\alpha} \cdot t \]
Άρα η ζητούμενη ταχύτητα βρίσκεται
\[ \upsilon_{\alpha} =\frac{x_{\beta }}{t} \]
και με τη βοήθεια της σχέσης (1)
\[ \upsilon_{\alpha} =\frac{x_{\tau }}{t} \tag{2} \]
Υπολογίζουμε τον χρόνο καθόδου της βόμβας \( t \).
\[ t=\sqrt{\frac{2H}{g}} \hspace{0.5cm} (S.I.) \]
\[ t=\sqrt{\frac{2\cdot 180}{10}} s \]
\[ t=\sqrt{36} s \]
\[ t = 6s \tag{3} \]
Για να βρούμε τη θέση στην οποία βρίσκεται το τανκ, \(x_{\tau} \), εφαρμόζουμε την εξίσωση κίνησης της ευθύγραμμης ομαλής κίνησης
\[ x_{\tau}=d + \upsilon_{\tau} \cdot t \hspace{0.5cm} (S.I.) \]
η οποία με αντικατάσταση δίνει
\[ x_{\tau}= 330 + 15 \cdot 6 \hspace{0.5cm} (S.I.) \]
\[ x_{\tau}=420 \hspace{0.3cm} m \tag{4} \]
Με τη βοήθεια των (2), (3) και (4) τελικά βρίσκουμε
\[ \upsilon_{\alpha}=\frac{420m}{6s} \]
Επομένως η ταχύτητα του αεροπλάνου είναι
\[ \upsilon_{\alpha}=70 \hspace{0.3cm} m/s \]
ΦΥΛΛΟ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑΣ 2 2ο φύλλο εργασίας: Εξίσωση τροχιάς, ταχύτητα, εφαρμογή
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[…] Η ενότητα αυτή αφορά στις καμπυλόγραμμες κινήσεις και ειδικότερα στην οριζόντια βολή. Παρουσιάζεται η μελέτη των εξισώσεων κίνησης της οριζόντιας βολής, της εξίσωσης τροχιάς και σχετικών παραδειγμάτων. Για εξάσκηση μπορείς να δεις εδώ. […]