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svg{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border-radius:4px;padding:3px 2px}.jp-carousel-pagination-container{flex:1;margin:0 15px 0 35px}.jp-carousel-pagination,.jp-swiper-pagination{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:none;font-size:15px;font-weight:400;position:static!important;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-pagination-container .swiper-pagination{line-height:8px;text-align:left}.jp-carousel-pagination{padding-left:5px}.jp-carousel-info-footer .jp-carousel-photo-title-container{flex-basis:50vw;flex:4;justify-content:center;margin:0;overflow:hidden}.jp-carousel-photo-caption,.jp-carousel-photo-title{background:none!important;border:none!important;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:inline-block;font:normal 20px/1.3em Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0!important;line-height:normal;margin:0 0 10px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;text-shadow:none!important;text-transform:none!important}.jp-carousel-info-footer 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Η ηλεκτρόλυση του νερού στο εργαστήριο | My School Lab | Skip to content Η ηλεκτρόλυση του νερού στο εργαστήριο Πώς μπορούμε να πραγματοποιήσουμε ηλεκτρόλυση του νερού, χρησιμοποιώντας τη συσκευή Hoffman που είναι διαθέσιμη στο εργαστήριο; Εδώ μπορείς να βρεις τις οδηγίες για την ηλεκτρολυτική διάσπαση του νερού και το αντίστοιχο φύλλο εργασίας.
ΨΗΦΙΑΚΟ ΒΙΒΛΙΟ 2.6 Διάσπαση του νερού – Χημικές ενώσεις και χημικά στοιχεία
ΣΤΟΧΟΙ Οι στόχοι της παρούσας εργαστηριακής άσκησης είναι οι ακόλουθοι:
Να διαπιστώσεις ότι το νερό αποτελείται από υδρογόνο και οξυγόνο. Να διαπιστώσεις ότι οι ιδιότητες του νερού είναι διαφορετικές από τις ιδιότητες των στοιχείων που το αποτελούν, δηλαδή το υδρογόνο και το οξυγόνο. Να διαπιστώσεις πειραματικά ότι οι όγκοι υδρογόνου και οξυγόνου που προέρχονται από τη διάσπαση του νερού έχουν σταθερή αναλογία (2:1). ηλεκτρολυση: αρχη μεθοδου Το νερό είναι μία χημική ένωση η οποία αποτελείται από υδρογόνο και οξυγόνο σε αναλογία 2:1. Όταν περνάει ρεύμα μέσα από νερό στο οποίο έχει διαλυθεί μικρή ποσότητα θειικού οξέως (διάλυμα ηλεκτρόλυσης), το νερό διασπάται και παράγονται τα δύο αέρια, το οξυγόνο και το υδρογόνο σύμφωνα με την παρακάτω αντίδραση:
νερό → υδρογόνο + οξυγόνο
ή στη γλώσσα της χημείας:
2H2 O → 2H2 + Ο2
Το υδρογόνο είναι άχρωμο αέριο το οποίο όταν πλησιάσει τη φλόγα ενός κεριού εκρήγνυται με κρότο. Το οξυγόνο είναι επίσης άχρωμο αέριο, το οποίο μπορεί να αναζωπυρώσει την φλόγα ενός ξύλου που σιγοκαίει.
Για την πραγματοποίηση της ηλεκτρόλυσης χρησιμοποιούμε μία συσκευή η οποία είναι κατασκευασμένη από γυαλί και ονομάζεται συσκευή Hoffman . Αυτή αποτελείται από ένα κεντρικό σωλήνα στο πάνω μέρος του οποίου βρίσκεται ένα χοανοειδές άνοιγμα και δύο πλευρικούς σωλήνες. Οι δύο πλευρικοί σωλήνες, που είναι και βαθμονομημένοι, έχουν στο επάνω μέρος στρόφιγγες που ανοιγοκλείνουν και στο κάτω μέρος τους προσαρμόζονται ηλεκτρόδια. Το θετικό ηλεκτρόδιο ονομάζεται άνοδος , ενώ το αρνητικό ηλεκτρόδιο ονομάζεται κάθοδος .
ΑΠΑΙΤΟΥΜΕΝΑ ΟΡΓΑΝΑ — ΣΥΣΚΕΥΕΣ ΑΝΤΙΔΡΑΣΤΗΡΙΑ — ΥΛΙΚΑ συσκευή Hofmann
πηγή συνεχούς ρεύματος
καλώδια σύνδεσης
δοκιμαστικός σωλήνας πυρίμαχος
λαβίδα ξύλινη, σπίρτα
ποτήρι 250 mL, ποτήρι 400 mL
ράβδος ανάδευσης, γυάλινη λεκάνη
διακόπτης, βάση για λαμπάκι
καλαμάκι, κερί διάλυμα ηλεκτρόλυσης
(απεσταγμένο νερό, στο οποίο έχουμε προσθέσει μικρή ποσότητα θειικού οξέος ή υδροξειδίου του Νατρίου)
ΠΕΙΡΑΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΔΙΚΑΣΙΑ Συνδέουμε τα ηλεκτρόδια με πηγή συνεχούς τάσης 15–20V. Παρεμβάλλουμε στο κύκλωμα έναν διακόπτη και έναν λαμπτήρα. Ο διακόπτης θα πρέπει να είναι ανοικτός. Γεμίζουμε τη συσκευή με το διάλυμα ηλεκτρόλυσης. Οι στρόφιγγες της συσκευής θα πρέπει να είναι ανοικτές και η στάθμη του ηλεκτρολύτη να είναι λίγο πιο κάτω από τις στρόφιγγες, διότι σε διαφορετική περίπτωση, αν υπάρχουν σταγόνες ηλεκτρολύτη πάνω από τις στρόφιγγες, όταν ανοίξουμε τις στρόφιγγες για να συλλέξουμε το οξυγόνο και το υδρογόνο, υπάρχει κίνδυνος να εκτιναχτούν. Αφού ολοκληρώσουμε την πλήρωση της συσκευής, κλείνουμε τις στρόφιγγες στους σωλήνες . Κλείνουμε το κύκλωμα ώστε να αρχίσει η ηλεκτρόλυση και αφήνουμε τη συσκευή να λειτουργήσει για λίγα λεπτά. Μετρούμε τους όγκους των δύο αερίων σε τρεις διαφορετικούς χρόνους. Ακολουθούμε τις οδηγίες και συμπληρώνουμε το φύλλο εργασίας. φυλλο εργασιας
ηλεκτρόλυση: πραγματοποιηση πειραματοσ χρησιμοι συνδεσμοι
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