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svg{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border-radius:4px;padding:3px 2px}.jp-carousel-pagination-container{flex:1;margin:0 15px 0 35px}.jp-carousel-pagination,.jp-swiper-pagination{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:none;font-size:15px;font-weight:400;position:static!important;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-pagination-container .swiper-pagination{line-height:8px;text-align:left}.jp-carousel-pagination{padding-left:5px}.jp-carousel-info-footer .jp-carousel-photo-title-container{flex-basis:50vw;flex:4;justify-content:center;margin:0;overflow:hidden}.jp-carousel-photo-caption,.jp-carousel-photo-title{background:none!important;border:none!important;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:inline-block;font:normal 20px/1.3em Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0!important;line-height:normal;margin:0 0 10px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;text-shadow:none!important;text-transform:none!important}.jp-carousel-info-footer 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Η έννοια της Ενέργειας | My School Lab | Skip to content Η έννοια της Ενέργειας Η έννοια της ενέργειας είχε ‑και εξακολουθεί να έχει- κομβική σημασία για τη φυσική. Σε αυτό το άρθρο γίνεται μια στοιχειώδης εισαγωγή στην έννοια αυτή η οποία απευθύνεται σε μαθητές Β’ και Γ’ Γυμνασίου.
ΨΗΦΙΑΚΟ ΒΙΒΛΙΟ 5.1 Έργο και ενέργεια (Β’ Γυμνασίου)
ΕΝΟΤΗΤΑ 3 — Ηλεκτρική Ενέργεια (Γ’ Γυμνασίου)
ΣΤΟΙΧΕΙΑ ΘΕΩΡΙΑΣ Είναι αλήθεια πως η έννοια «ενέργεια» έχει μπει στη ζωή μας για τα καλά. Δεν μπορούμε να κάνουμε ούτε βήμα πια χωρίς να έχουμε φορτίσει το κινητό μας. Δεν φανταζόμαστε στιγμή πώς θα μπορούσαμε να ζήσουμε χωρίς το ψυγείο ή την κουζίνα που χρειάζονται ηλεκτρική ενέργεια για να λειτουργήσουν. Σίγουρα έχεις ακούσει πως ένα φορτηγό που κινείται με μεγάλη ταχύτητα στην εθνική οδό έχει πολύ μεγάλη κινητική ενέργεια και ίσως έχεις διαβάσει πόσο επιβαρυντική είναι για το περιβάλλον η παραγωγή ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας από ορυκτά καύσιμα, πόσο επικίνδυνη μπορεί να γίνει η πυρηνική ενέργεια που «κρύβεται» στους πυρήνες των ατόμων ή πόσο σημαντική είναι για την επιβίωσή μας αλλά και για τον πλανήτη γενικότερα η ηλιακή ενέργεια. Ίσως μάλιστα να έχεις ακούσει και για τις ανανεώσιμες πηγές ενέργειας και για το πόσο ωφέλιμη θα ήταν η ανάπτυξή τους ώστε να καλύπτουν ένα μεγάλο μέρος για τις ενεργειακές μας ανάγκες.
Ο οργανισμός μας, όπως και κάθε ζωντανό πλάσμα που υπάρχει στη γη, χρειάζεται ενέργεια για τη λειτουργία του. Αυτήν εμείς, αλλά και κάθε άλλο ζώο, την εξασφαλίζουμε καθημερινά μέσω της τροφής. Τα φυτά, από την άλλη μεριά, την «κλέβουν» από τον ήλιο, ένα μέρος το κρατούν για τον εαυτό τους και το υπόλοιπο μας το χαρίζουν γενναιόδωρα. Όλοι μας λίγο ή πολύ είμαστε εξοικειωμένοι με την έννοια της ενέργειας, καταλαβαίνουμε τι είναι και ποια είναι η σημασία της για τη ζωή μας αλλά αν μας ζητήσει κάποιος να δώσουμε έναν ορισμό για το τι είναι η ενέργεια, δυσκολευόμαστε αρκετά.
Παρόλο που η ενέργεια ‑ως όρος- εμφανίστηκε στα γραπτά του Αριστοτέλη τον 4ο π.Χ. αιώνα, είναι αρκετά περίπλοκο να δώσει κάποιος έναν ορισμό για αυτήν. Ίσως τελικά κάτι τέτοιο να μην είναι απαραίτητο αφού εκείνο που μας ενδιαφέρει είναι το πώς σχετίζεται με τα φυσικά φαινόμενα και όχι το τι είναι ακριβώς. Έτσι λέμε πως έχουν ενέργεια…
Ένας δρομέας που τρέχει. Μία μπάλα που πέφτει από την ταράτσα ενός κτιρίου. Ένα τεντωμένο τόξο.List item Η φωτιά που καίει στο τζάκι. Ένα αυτοκίνητο που κινείται στο δρόμο. Η Σελήνη που περιφέρεται γύρω από τη Γη. Είναι όμως αρκετή μια τέτοια ποιοτική περιγραφή; Σίγουρα όχι. Θα έχεις διαπιστώσει ως τώρα πως στη φυσική έχουμε μια μανία να «μετράμε». Τα φυσικά μεγέθη που χρησιμοποιούμε είναι πάντα μετρήσιμες ποσότητες που μπορούμε να προσδιορίσουμε με τη βοήθεια οργάνων και με τη χρήση συγκεκριμένων μονάδων μέτρησης. Από αυτόν τον κανόνα δε θα μπορούσε βέβαια να αποτελεί εξαίρεση η ενέργεια.
Τι είναι λοιπόν η ενέργεια;
Η έννοια της ενέργειας Λέμε ότι ένα σώμα έχει ενέργεια όταν μπορεί να προκαλέσει αλλαγές στο περιβάλλον του ή με πιο «επιστημονικούς όρους» όταν μπορεί να παράγει έργο . Γενικά η ενέργεια δεν δημιουργείται ούτε καταστρέφεται αλλά μπορεί:1. Να μεταφερθεί από ένα σώμα σε ένα άλλο . Όταν ένα παιδί σπρώχνει ένα καρότσι, μεταφέρεται ενέργεια από το παιδί στο καρότσι.2. Να μετατραπεί από μια μορφή σε άλλη . Μία ανεμογενήτρια μετατρέπει την κινητική ενέργεια του ανέμου σε ηλεκτρική.
ΒΙΝΤΕΟ Καθημερινή Φυσική — Μια σύντομη ιστορία της ενέργειας
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