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svg{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border-radius:4px;padding:3px 2px}.jp-carousel-pagination-container{flex:1;margin:0 15px 0 35px}.jp-carousel-pagination,.jp-swiper-pagination{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:none;font-size:15px;font-weight:400;position:static!important;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-pagination-container .swiper-pagination{line-height:8px;text-align:left}.jp-carousel-pagination{padding-left:5px}.jp-carousel-info-footer .jp-carousel-photo-title-container{flex-basis:50vw;flex:4;justify-content:center;margin:0;overflow:hidden}.jp-carousel-photo-caption,.jp-carousel-photo-title{background:none!important;border:none!important;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:inline-block;font:normal 20px/1.3em Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0!important;line-height:normal;margin:0 0 10px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;text-shadow:none!important;text-transform:none!important}.jp-carousel-info-footer 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Κινητική Ενέργεια: λίγα και εισαγωγικά | My School Lab | Skip to content Κινητική Ενέργεια: λίγα και εισαγωγικά Η ενέργεια εμφανίζεται με πολλές μορφές στον κόσμο που μας περιβάλλει. Όμως μια προσεκτική ματιά μπορεί να μας πείσει πως όλες τελικά ανάγονται στις δύο θεμελιώδεις μορφές ενέργειας: τη δυναμική και την κινητική . Εδώ θα επιχειρήσουμε μια σύντομη, εισαγωγική παρουσίαση της κινητικής ενέργειας.
ΨΗΦΙΑΚΟ ΣΧΟΛΙΚΟ ΒΙΒΛΙΟ 5.2 Δυο βασικές μορφές ενέργειας: Δυναμική — κινητική ενέργεια
ΣΤΟΙΧΕΙΑ ΘΕΩΡΙΑΣ
Όταν ένα σώμα κινείται έχει ενέργεια.
Κινητική ενέργεια είναι η ενέργεια που διαθέτει ένα σώμα λόγω της κίνησής του.
Η κινητική ενέργεια συμβολίζεται με Εκ και δίνεται από τη σχέση:
$$ E_{κ}=\frac{1}{2}m υ ^{2} $$
όπου m , η μάζα του σώματος σε kg και υ , η ταχύτητά του σε m/sec. Μονάδα μέτρησης της Κινητικής ενέργειας στο S.I. είναι το 1 Joule .
Παρατηρούμε ότι η κινητική ενέργεια ενός σώματος εξαρτάται:
Από τη μάζα του σώματος. Συγκεκριμένα είναι ανάλογη με τη μάζα, δηλαδή όσο μεγαλύτερη είναι η μάζα ενός σώματος που κινείται με συγκεκριμένη ταχύτητα, τόσο μεγαλύτερη είναι η κινητική του ενέργεια. Έτσι αν π.χ. διπλασιάσουμε τη μάζα του σώματος, η ταχύτητά του επίσης θα διπλασιαστεί.
Από την ταχύτητα του σώματος. Η κινητική ενέργεια ανάλογη με το τετράγωνο της ταχύτητας του σώματος. Αυτό σημαίνει πως όταν π.χ. διπλασιάσουμε την ταχύτητα ενός σώματος συγκεκριμένης μάζας, η κινητική του ενέργεια τετραπλασιάζεται.
Προσοχή! Η κινητική ενέργεια έχει πάντα θετική ή μηδενική τιμή. Εφόσον η κινητική ενέργεια είναι το γινόμενο της μάζας (θετική) επί το τετράγωνο της ταχύτητας (θετικό ή μηδέν), θα έχει τιμή ίση ή μεγαλύτερη του μηδενός.
Η κινητική ενέργεια είναι μέγεθος μονόμετρο. Αυτό σημαίνει ότι δεν εξαρτάται από την κατεύθυνση της κίνησης. Μία μπάλα πέφτει και μία που ανέρχεται με την ίδια τιμή ταχύτητας έχουν την ίδια κινητική ενέργεια.
Η ΚΙΝΗΤΙKΗ ENEPΓEIA ΜΕ ΜΙΑ ΜΑΤΙΑ
ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΗ Ένα αυτοκίνητο μάζας m = 2000kg κινείται στο δρόμο με ταχύτητα υ = 20m/sec. Πόση είναι η κινητική του ενέργεια;
Λύση: Στο μαθηματικό τύπο της κινητικής ενέργειας αντικαθιστώ τα δεδομένα της άσκησης.
$$ E_{κ}=\frac{1}{2} 2000 \cdot 20^{2} (S.I.) $$
Κάνω τις πράξεις και βρίσκω
$$ E_{κ}=800.000 Joules $$
ή
$$ E_{κ}=8 \cdot 10^{5} Joules $$
ΦΥΛΛΟ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑΣ
ΑΠΟ ΤΗ ΘΕΩΡΙΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΠΡΑΞΗ Αυτό συμβαίνει στο αλουμίνιο όταν το χτυπάει ένα κομμάτι πλαστικού 14g που κινείται με ταχύτητα 24.000 km/h στο διάστημα.
Κινητική ενέργεια & αδράνεια Με το βίντεο αυτό, μπορούμε να παρατηρήσουμε τη σύγκρουση ανάμεσα σε ένα αυτοκίνητο και ένα ακίνητο εμπόδιο και να διαπιστώσουμε πώς η ταχύτητα επηρεάζει το αποτέλεσμα αυτής της σύγκρουσης. Με την αύξηση της ταχύτητας, παρατηρούμε ότι η ενέργεια που μεταφέρει το αυτοκίνητο στο εμπόδιο αυξάνεται, όπως και το μέγεθος της ζημιάς που προκαλείται.
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