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svg{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border-radius:4px;padding:3px 2px}.jp-carousel-pagination-container{flex:1;margin:0 15px 0 35px}.jp-carousel-pagination,.jp-swiper-pagination{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:none;font-size:15px;font-weight:400;position:static!important;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-pagination-container .swiper-pagination{line-height:8px;text-align:left}.jp-carousel-pagination{padding-left:5px}.jp-carousel-info-footer .jp-carousel-photo-title-container{flex-basis:50vw;flex:4;justify-content:center;margin:0;overflow:hidden}.jp-carousel-photo-caption,.jp-carousel-photo-title{background:none!important;border:none!important;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:inline-block;font:normal 20px/1.3em Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0!important;line-height:normal;margin:0 0 10px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;text-shadow:none!important;text-transform:none!important}.jp-carousel-info-footer 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Το δυναμόμετρο: μία εφαρμογή του νόμου του Hooke | Skip to content Το δυναμόμετρο: μία εφαρμογή του νόμου του Hooke Εδώ μπορείς να βρεις υλικό για την πιο απλή εφαρμογή του νόμου του Hooke: το δυναμόμετρο.
ΨΗΦΙΑΚΟ ΣΧΟΛΙΚΟ ΒΙΒΛΙΟ 3.1 Η έννοια «Δύναμη» — Μέτρηση δύναμης
ΘΕΩΡΙΑ Αρχή λειτουργίας του δυναμόμετρου Είδαμε ότι όταν κρεμάμε βαρίδια σε ένα ελατήριο, αυτό επιμηκύνεται. Μάλιστα διαπιστώσαμε ότι όσο πιο μεγάλο είναι το βάρος που κρεμάμε, τόσο μεγαλύτερη είναι η επιμήκυνση. Καταφέραμε λοιπόν, να διατυπώσουμε τον νόμο του Hooke . Είδαμε επίσης ότι όσο πιο «σκληρό» είναι το ελατήριο, τόσο μεγαλύτερη είναι η σταθερά του ελατηρίου. Την ιδιότητα αυτή των ελατηρίων την χρησιμοποιούμε για την κατασκευή των δυναμόμετρων , που είναι όργανα με τα οποία μετράμε τις δυνάμεις.
Το δυναμόμετρο περιέχει στο εσωτερικό του ένα ελατήριο. Το ένα άκρο του είναι στερεωμένο στο πάνω μέρος του σε έναν κρίκο για να το κρεμάμε. Στο άλλο άκρο υπάρχει γάντζος από τον οποίο μπορούμε να ασκούμε τη δύναμη που θέλουμε να μετρήσουμε ή να κρεμάμε διάφορα αντικείμενα που θέλουμε να ζυγίσουμε. Στο πλάι υπάρχει κλίμακα κατάλληλα βαθμονομήμένη. Το όργανο διαθέτει επίσης κατάλληλο δείκτη με τον οποίο μπορούμε να διαβάζουμε την τιμή της δύναμης που ασκείται στον γάντζο κάθε φορά. Όταν τραβάμε το ελατήριο, αυτό επιμηκύνεται ανάλογα με το μέγεθος της δύναμης που ασκούμε. Η ένδειξη του δείκτη είναι η δύναμή μας.
Μονάδα μέτρησης της δύναμης , στο διεθνές σύστημα μονάδων, είναι το 1 Ν (Νιούτον).
ΒΙΝΤΕΟ: ΔΥΝΑΜΟΜΕΤΡΟ ΜΕ ΕΛΑΤΗΡΙΟ & ΝΟΜΟΣ ΤΟΥ HΟΟΚΕ Στο βίντεο που ακολουθεί μπορείς να δεις τον τρόπο που «δουλεύει» ένα δυναμόμετρο ελατηρίου (spring balance).
Πάτα το κουμπί των υποτίτλων και ρύθμισε τη μετάφραση υποτίτλων στα ελληνικά ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΓΜΑΤΑ ΛΥΣΗΣ ΑΣΚΗΣΕΩΝ Παράδειγμα 1 Το ελατήριο μιας ζυγαριάς έχει σταθερά 100 Ν/m. Πόση θα είναι η επιμήκυνσή του αν το τραβήξουμε με δύναμη 20 N ; Να μετατρέψεις το αποτέλεσμα σε εκατοστά (cm).
Λύση: Θα ακολουθήσουμε τα βήματα λύσης μιας άσκησης.
βήμα 1ο :
Δεδομένα Ζητούμενα Σταθερά ελατηρίου k = 100 N/m Δύναμη F = 20 N Επιμήκυνση ελατηρίου Δ L
βήμα 2ο : Γράφουμε τον μαθηματικό τύπο του νόμου του Hooke.
$$F = k . \Delta L$$
βήμα 3ο : Αντικαθιστούμε στον τύπο τα δεδομένα της άσκησης.
$$20 = 100 · \Delta L (S.Ι.)$$
βήμα 3ο : Λύνουμε την εξίσωση που προκύπτει.
$$\frac{20}{100} = \frac{100 · \Delta L}{100}$$
Άρα ΔL = 0,2 m . και σε εκατοστά: ΔL = 0,2 · 100 cm ή ΔL = 20 cm
Απάντηση: Η επιμήκυνση του ελατηρίου θα θα είναι 0,2 m = 20 cm .
Παράδειγμα 2 (Ένας διαφορετικός τρόπος λύσης) : Μια δύναμη F 1 =20Ν προκαλεί επιμήκυνση σε ένα ελατήριο ίση με x 1 =10 cm . Aν στο ίδιο ελατήριο ασκήσουμε μια δύναμη F 2 =60Ν , πόση θα είναι η νέα επιμήκυνση x 2 ;
Λύση: Όπως έχουμε πει, η δύναμη που ασκούμε στο ελατήριο και η επιμήκυνσή του είναι ανάλογα ποσά. Μπορούμε λοιπόν να εφαρμόσουμε (κατά τα γνωστά) την απλή μέθοδο των τριών. Έχουμε:
Δύναμη F1 =20Ν προκαλεί επιμήκυνση x1 = 10cm Δύναμη F2 =60Ν προκαλεί επιμήκυνση x2 = ;
$$20 . x_{2} =60 . 10 (S.I.)$$
λύνουμε την εξίσωση
$$x_{2} = \frac{60 . 10}{20} cm$$
και βρίσκουμε
$$x_{2} = 3 . 10 cm=30cm$$
Απάντηση: Επομένως η νέα επιμήκυνση του ελατηρίου είναι 30 cm .
ΑΣΚΗΣΕΙΣ Στο αρχείο που ακολουθεί θα βρεις σε εκτυπώσιμη μορφή τη θεωρία και τα παραδείγματα της ανάρτησης καθώς και ασκήσεις.
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Σχετικά Δυνάμεις Δυναμόμετρο Νόμος του Hooke
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