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svg{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border-radius:4px;padding:3px 2px}.jp-carousel-pagination-container{flex:1;margin:0 15px 0 35px}.jp-carousel-pagination,.jp-swiper-pagination{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:none;font-size:15px;font-weight:400;position:static!important;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-pagination-container .swiper-pagination{line-height:8px;text-align:left}.jp-carousel-pagination{padding-left:5px}.jp-carousel-info-footer .jp-carousel-photo-title-container{flex-basis:50vw;flex:4;justify-content:center;margin:0;overflow:hidden}.jp-carousel-photo-caption,.jp-carousel-photo-title{background:none!important;border:none!important;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:inline-block;font:normal 20px/1.3em Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0!important;line-height:normal;margin:0 0 10px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;text-shadow:none!important;text-transform:none!important}.jp-carousel-info-footer 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Max Planck: ο απρόθυμος επαναστάτης και η γέννηση του quantum | My School Lab - Page 5 Skip to content Max Planck: ο απρόθυμος επαναστάτης και η γέννηση του quantum Η «σύγκρουση» με τους Ναζί 28 Ιουλίου 1931 Max Planck (1858−1947), German physicist. (James) Ramsay MacDonald (1866−1937), Prime Minister. Albert Einstein (1879−1955), Physicist. Hermann Dietrich (1879−1954), German Finance Minister. Hermann Schmitz (1881−1960), German industrialist. Julius Curtius (1877−1948), German Foreign Minister.
Μέχρι τη συνταξιοδότησή του ο Πλανκ είχε γίνει η κορυφαία φιγούρα στη γερμανική επιστήμη κι επρόκειτο να διαδραματίσει καθοριστικό ρόλο στις σχέσεις της με τους Ναζί. Αρχικά η στάση του ήταν αυτή της συνετούς συνεργασίας με πρωταρχικό στόχο τη διατήρηση της ακεραιότητας της γερμανικής επιστήμης και την αποτροπή της διεθνούς γελοιοποίησης. Αν και δεν τοποθετήθηκε δημόσια ενάντια στην παρενόχληση Εβραίων επιστημόνων, θεωρώντας τέτοιες βαρβαρότητες ως προσωρινή τρέλα, το 1933 έθεσε το ζήτημα αυτό στον ίδιο τον Χίτλερ, επισημαίνοντας πως ο φυλετικός νόμος του 1933, που απαγόρευε στους Εβραίους να κατέχουν κυβερνητικές θέσεις, θα έθετε σε κίνδυνο την υπεροχή της Γερμανικής επιστήμης. Αναφέρεται πως ο Χίτλερ εξέφρασε την πρόθεσή του να προχωρήσει χωρίς την επιστήμη για λίγα χρόνια.
O Max Planck σε μεγάλη ηλικία.
Ο Planck δεν κατάφερε να προστατεύσει τους θεσμούς της γερμανικής επιστήμης αφού το 1939 η προεδρία της Ακαδημίας πήγε σε ένα μέλος του ναζιστικού κόμματος, τον Τ. Vahlen, που δεν έχασε χρόνο να τη μετατρέψει σε όργανο του κόμματος. Ο Planck δεν μπόρεσε να μείνει αδιάφορος στην «εισβολή» των ναζί στον ακαδημαϊκό χώρο και ιδιαίτερα στην προσπάθεια ναζιστών συναδέλφων του όπως του Johannes Nikolaus Stark (του γνωστού από το ομώνυμο φαινόμενο) να επανιδρύσουν τη φυσική σε φυλετικές βάσεις και να θεμελιώσουν τη Φυσική των Αρείων. Ο Stark κατηγόρησε τον Planck, τον Sommerfeld και τον Heisenberg ως «λευκούς Εβραίους» διότι δίδασκαν τυπικές εβραϊκές θεωρίες όπως τη θεωρία της σχετικότητας. Υποκινήθηκε μάλιστα και σχετική έρευνα από το αρμόδιο «ναζιστικό γραφείο για την επιστήμη» το οποίο μελέτησε σε «βάθος» την καταγωγή του Planck και απέδειξε ότι ήταν Εβραίος κατά το 1 ⁄16 !
Μετά τον δεύτερο παγκόσμιο πόλεμο η γερμανική κυβέρνηση ίδρυσε προς τιμήν του το Ίδρυμα (ή Εταιρεία) Max Planck το οποίο καλύπτει ένα ευρύ φάσμα επιστημών και θεωρείται ένα από τα σημαντικότερα ερευνητικά ιδρύματα στον κόσμο με 17 βραβεία Nobel στο ενεργητικό του.
Πέθανε στο Göttingen στις 4 Οκτωβρίου, 1947.
«Η ευτυχία του ερευνητή δεν είναι να κατέχει μια αλήθεια, αλλά να κατακτήσει την αλήθεια». Η ταινία, στην οποία ο 84χρονος Πλανκ μιλάει για τη ζωή και το έργο του, δημιουργήθηκε στις 15/12/1942 από το Υπουργείο Προπαγάνδας του Ράιχ. Δεν χρησιμοποιήθηκε για την τρέχουσα προπαγάνδα του Τρίτου Ράιχ, αλλά ήταν μέρος μιας σειράς πορτρέτων που αποτελούσαν ένα «κινηματογραφικό αρχείο προσωπικοτήτων». Η ταινία ήρθε στο φως το 1983.
Βιβλιογραφία — Ιστογραφία ΤΡΑΧΑΝΑΣ ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΣ, Μεγάλη επιστήμη — ενδιαφέρουσες ζωές: Οι πρωταγωνιστές της κβαντικής επανάστασης , Πανεπιστημιακές Εκδρόσεις Κρήτης, Ηράκλειο, 2014. SEGRE EMILIO, Ιστορία της Φυσικής τ. Β — Από τις ακτίνες Χ έως τα κουάρκ, Δίαυλος, Αθήνα, 1997. HEILBRON J. L., The dilemmas of an upright man: Max Planck as a spokesman for german science , Univercity of California Press, California, 1986. STONE A. DOUGLAS, Einstein and the quantum-The quest of the valiant Swabian, Princeton University Press, Princeton & Oxford, 2013. MONTWILL ALEX, BRESLIN ANN, The quantum adventure — Does God play dice?, Imperial College Press, London, 2012. KUHN THOMAS S., Black-body theory and the quantum discontinuity, 1894–1912, The University of Chigago Press, Chicago & London, 1987. STEWART SEAN M., JOHNSON BARRY R., Blackbody radiation — A history of thermal radiation computational aids and numerical methods, CRC Press, New York, 2017. JOHN DAINTITH, Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists (Third Edition) , CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2009. LEITER DARRYL , LEITER SHARON , Notable Scientists: A to Z of physicists , Facts On File, New York, 2003. https://web.archive.org/web/20080512151051/http://physics.nobel.brainparad.com/max_karl_ernst_ludwig_planck.html https://physicsworld.com/a/max-planck-the-reluctant-revolutionary/ Μου αρέσει αυτό: Like Φόρτωση…
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